API 510:2006 pdf download

API 510:2006 pdf download.Pressure Vessel lnspection Code:ln-Service Inspection, Rating,Repair, and Alteration.
5.5.5 Thickness Inspection
5.5.5.1 Thickness measurements are taken to verify the thickness of vessel components. This data is used to detennine the corrosion rates and remaining life of the vessel. Thickness measurements shall be obtained by the inspector or examiner.
5.5.5.2 Although thickness measurements are not required to be obtained while the pressure vessel is on-stream, on-stream thickness monitoring is a good tool for monitoring corroson and assessing potential daniagc due to process or operational changes.
5.5.5.3 The inspector should consult with a corrosion specialist when the short term corrosion rate changes significantly from the previous identified rate to determine the cause, Appropriate responses to accelerated corrosion rates may include, additional thickness readings. UT scans in suspect areas. eorrosionprocqss monitoring. and revisions to the vessel’s inspection plan.
5.5.5.4 The owner’user is responsible to assure that all individuals taking thickness readings are trained and qualified in accordance with the applicable procedure used dunng the examination.
5.5.6 CUI Inspection
5.5.6.1 Susceptible Temperature Range
Inspection for CU1 tiall he considered for extemally.insulated vessels and thase that are in intennitient service or operate between:
a. 10°F (-12°C) and 350°F (175°C) for carbon and low alloy steels
b. 140°F (60’C)and 4WrF(205°C) for austenitic stainless steels.
5.5.6.2 Susceptible Locations
With carbon and low alloy steels. CUI usually causes localized corrosion. With austenitic stainless steel materials. CUI usually is in the form of stress corrosion cracking. When deseloping the inspection plan for CUI inspection, the inspector should consider areas that are most susceptible to CUI. On vesseLs, these areas ineltide:
a. Insulation or stiffening rings.
b. Nozzles and manways.
e. Other penetrations, e.g. Ladder clips, pipe supports.
ik Damaged insutatton.
e. Insulation with failed caulking.
I Top and bottom heads.
g. Other areas that tend to trap water.
lfrtit damage is found, the inspector should inspect other susceptible areas on the vessel.
5.5.6.3 Insulation Removal
Although external insulation may appear to be in good condition, CUI damage may still be oeeun’ing. nil inspection may require removal of some or all insulation. If external coverings are in good condition and there is no reason to suspect damage behind them, it is not necessary to remove them for inspection of the vessel.
Considerations for insulation removal are not limited to but include:
a. Ilistory of CUI for the vessel or comparable equipment.
b. Visual condition of the external covering and insulation,
e. Evidence of fluid leakage. e.g. stains.
ci. Equipment in intermittent service.
e. Conditiorvage of the external coating. if applicable.
Alternatively, shell thickness measurements done internally at typical CLII problem areas may be performed during internal inspections.
e.Alternating current flux leakage examination technique for detecting surface-breaking cracks and elongated discontinuities.
C. Eddy current examination for detecting localized metal loss, cracks, and elongated discontinuities. ASME Section V. ArticleS, provides guidance on perfonning EL
g. Field nictallographic replication for idcntit’ing metallurgical changes.
It Acoustic emission examination for detecting structurally significant defects. ASME Section V. Article 12, provides guidance on performing acoustic emission examination
i. Thermography for determining temperature of components.
j. Pressure testing for detecting through-thickness defects, ASME Section V. Article 10, provides guidance on pcrfonning leak
5.7.1.1 Surface Preparation
Adequate surface preparation is important lot proper visual examination and for the satisfactory application of any examination procedures. such as those mentioned above. The type of surface preparation required depends on the individual circumtanccs and NDF tcchniqtte. but surface preparations such as wire brushing. blasting, chipping. grinding, or a combination of these prepara• tions tna be required
5.7.1.2 UT Shear Wave Examiners
The own&user shall specifv industry-qualified LiT shear wave examiners when the owneruser requires the following:
a. Detection of interior surface (ID) breaking flaws when inspecting frotn the external surface (ODt or.
b. Where detection, characterization. andor through-wall siting is required of defects.
Application examples for the use of industry-qualified IJI’ shear wave examiners include monitoring known interior flaws from the external surface and collecting data for fitness for service evaluations.
5.72 ThIckness Measurement Methods
5.7.2.1 Corrosion may cause a tatiform loss (a general. relatively even metal loss of a surface area) or may cause a pitted appearance (an obvious, irregular surface metal loss), Llnil’orm corrosion may he difficult to detect visually, and thickness measurements may he necessary to determine its extent Pitied surfaces may be thinner than they appear visually, and when there is uncertainty about the original surface location, thickness determinations may also he necessary. Measurements may be obtained as follows:
a. Any suitable NDF, such as ultrasonic or profile radiographic examination, may be used as long as it will provide minimum thickness determinations. Wheti a measurement method produces considerable uncertainty, other nondestructive thickness measurement techniques, such as ultrasonic A-scan, B-scan, or C-scan, may be employed.
b. The depth of corrosion may be detennined by gauging from the uncon’oded surfaces within the vessel when such surfaces are in the vicinity of the corroded area.